Amandla asetyenziswa kwimveliso ye-aluminiyam ye-electrolytic yehlabathi ixhomekeke kubutyebi bommandla ngamnye.Phakathi kwazo, amalahle kunye nombane owenziwe ngamanzi ubalelwa kwi-85% yamandla asetyenzisiweyo.Kwimveliso ye-aluminiyam ye-electrolytic yehlabathi, izityalo ze-aluminiyam ye-electrolytic e-Asiya, e-Oceania nase-Afrika zixhomekeke ikakhulu kumbane oshushu, kunye nezityalo ze-aluminiyam ye-electrolytic eYurophu naseMzantsi Melika ikakhulu zixhomekeke kumbane owenziwe ngamanzi.Eminye imimandla ixhomekeke kwiimpawu zabo zobutyebi, kwaye amandla asetyenziswa zizityalo ze-aluminiyam ye-electrolytic nazo ziyahluka.Ngokomzekelo, i-Iceland isebenzisa amandla e-geothermal, iFransi isebenzisa amandla enyukliya, kwaye uMbindi Mpuma usebenzisa igesi yendalo ukuvelisa umbane.
Ngokokuqonda kombhali, ngo-2019, imveliso yehlabathi ye-electrolytic aluminiyam yayizizigidi ezingama-64.33 zeetoni, kwaye ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kwakuyi-1.052 yeebhiliyoni zeetoni.Ukusukela ngo-2005 ukuya ku-2019, ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni yehlabathi jikelele kwi-aluminiyam ye-electrolytic kunyuke ukusuka kwi-555 yezigidi zeetoni ukuya kwi-1.052 yeebhiliyoni zeetoni, ukonyuka nge-89.55%, kunye nezinga lokukhula elihlanganisiweyo nge-4.36%.
1. Impembelelo "yekhabhoni ephindwe kabini" kwishishini le-aluminium
Ngokoqikelelo, ukusuka ngo-2019 ukuya ku-2020, ukusetyenziswa kombane wasekhaya we-aluminiyam ye-electrolytic kuya kubalelwa ngaphezulu kwe-6% yokusetyenziswa kombane kuzwelonke.Ngokutsho kwedatha yeBaichuan yoLwazi, ngo-2019, i-86% yemveliso ye-aluminium ye-electrolytic yasekhaya isebenzisa amandla ashushu afanaialuminiyam ekhutshiweyo, Ulwakhiwo lweprofayili ye-aluminium ye-extrusionkwaye nangokunjalo .Ngokwedatha ye-Antaike, ngo-2019, iyonke ikharbon diokside ekhutshwayo kumzi-mveliso we-aluminiyam ye-electrolytic yayimalunga ne-412 yezigidi zeetoni, ibalelwa malunga ne-4% yokukhutshwa kwekharbon diokside yelizwe kwiitoni ezili-10 zeebhiliyoni kulo nyaka.Ukukhutshwa kwe-aluminiyam ye-electrolytic yayiphezulu kakhulu kunezinye isinyithi kunye nezixhobo ezingezizo ezentsimbi.
Iplanti yamandla obushushu obonelelwayo yiyona nto iphambili ekhokelela ekukhutshweni kwekhabhoni ephezulu ye-aluminiyam ye-electrolytic.Ikhonkco lamandla lemveliso ye-aluminiyam ye-electrolytic yahlulwe kwimveliso yamandla e-thermal kunye nemveliso ye-hydropower.Ukusebenzisa amandla ashushu ukuvelisa itoni e-1 yealuminiyam ye-electrolytic iya kukhupha malunga ne-11.2 yeetoni zekharbon diokside, kwaye ukusebenzisa amandla ombane ukuvelisa itoni enye ye-aluminiyam ye-electrolytic iya kukhupha phantse i-zero carbon dioxide.
Indlela yokusetyenziswa kombane yemveliso ye-aluminiyam ye-electrolytic kwilizwe lam yahlulwe ngombane ozibonelayo kunye nombane wegridi.Ekupheleni kowama-2019, umlinganiselo wombane ozibonelele wona kwizityalo zasekhaya ze-aluminiyam ye-electrolytic yayimalunga nama-65%, zonke ezo zivelisa amandla ashushu;Umlinganiselo wamandla othungelwano lombane wawumalunga nama-35%, apho ukuveliswa kwamandla ashushu athatha malunga ne-21% kunye nokuveliswa kwamandla acocekileyo kubalelwa malunga ne-14%.
Ngokwezibalo zika-Antaike, phantsi kwemvelaphi ye "Isicwangciso seminyaka emihlanu ye-14" ukugcinwa kwamandla kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwamandla, isakhiwo samandla samandla okusebenza kwishishini le-aluminiyam ye-electrolytic iya kwenza uhlengahlengiso oluthile kwixesha elizayo, ngakumbi emva kokuveliswa kwe-electrolytic aluminium. amandla kwiPhondo laseYunnan afakwe ngokupheleleyo ekusebenzeni, umlinganiselo wamandla acocekileyo asetyenziswayo uya kunyuka kakhulu, ukusuka kwi-14% ngo-2019 ukuya kwi-24%.Ngokuphucuka ngokubanzi kolwakhiwo lwamandla asekhaya, ulwakhiwo lwamandla oshishino lwe-aluminiyam ye-electrolytic luya kuphuculwa ngakumbi.
2. I-aluminium yamandla e-thermal iya kuba buthathaka ngokuthe ngcembe
Ngaphantsi kokuzinikela kwelizwe lam ekungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni, amandla obushushu "obuthathaka" aya kuba ngumkhwa.Emva kokuphunyezwa kwemirhumo yokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kunye nommiselo ongqongqo, izibonelelo zezityalo zamandla ezizimeleyo zinokuthi zibe buthathaka.
Ukuze uthelekise kangcono umahluko weendleko ezibangelwa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni, kucingelwa ukuba amaxabiso ezinye izithako zokuvelisa ezifana ne-anode ebhakiweyo ngaphambili kunye ne-aluminium fluoride ziyafana, kwaye ixabiso lokurhweba lokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni liyi-50 yuan / ton.Amandla e-Thermal kunye ne-hydropower zisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa i-1 ton ye-aluminiyam ye-electrolytic.Umahluko wokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni yekhonkco yi-11.2 yeetoni, kwaye umahluko weendleko zokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni phakathi kwezi zimbini yi-560 yuan / ton.
Kutshanje, ngokunyuka kwamaxabiso amalahle asekhaya, i-avareji yeendleko zombane zezityalo ezizibonelele ngokwazo yi-0.305 yuan/kWh, kwaye umndilili weendleko zombane wamanzi wasekhaya yi-0.29 yuan/kWh kuphela.Ixabiso lilonke le-aluminiyam ngetoni nganye yezityalo zamandla ezibonelele ngokwazo yi-763 yuan ngaphezulu kwe-hydropower.Phantsi kwempembelelo yeendleko eziphezulu, uninzi lweeprojekthi ze-aluminiyam ze-electrolytic zelizwe lam zibekwe kwiindawo ezityebileyo ngombane wamanzi kummandla osemazantsi-ntshona, kwaye i-aluminiyam yamandla e-thermal iya kuqonda ngokuthe ngcembe ukutshintshelwa kwamashishini kwixesha elizayo.
3. Iinzuzo ze-aluminiyam yombane we-hydropower zicace ngakumbi
I-Hydropower lelona xabiso liphantsi lamandla angengo-fossil kwilizwe lam, kodwa amandla awo ophuhliso alinganiselwe.Ngo-2020, umthamo wombane welizwe lam ofakelweyo uya kufikelela kwi-370 yezigidi zeekilowathi, ubalwa kwi-16.8% yomthamo ofakiweyo wezixhobo zokuvelisa umbane, kwaye seyesibini ngobukhulu ubutyebi obuqhelekileyo obuqhelekileyo emva kwamalahle.Nangona kunjalo, kukho "isilingi" ekuphuhlisweni kombane wamanzi.Ngokweziphumo zophononongo lwemithombo yombane wesizwe, amandla ophuhliso lombane welizwe lam angaphantsi kwe-700 yezigidi zeekilowathi, kwaye indawo yophuhliso yexesha elizayo ilinganiselwe.Nangona uphuhliso lombane oveliswa ngamanzi lunokunyusa umlinganiselo wamandla angengawo awefosili ukuya kumlinganiselo othile, uphuhliso olukhulu lwamandla ombane luculwa zizibonelelo zoncedo.
Okwangoku, imeko yangoku yombane kwilizwe lam kukuba iiprojekthi ezincinci zombane wamanzi zivaliwe, kwaye iiprojekthi ezinkulu zombane kunzima ukongeza.Umthamo okhoyo wokuvelisa amandla ombane we-aluminiyam ye-electrolytic uya kuba yinzuzo yeendleko zendalo.KwiPhondo laseSichuan kuphela, kukho izikhululo zombane ezincinci ezingama-968 eziza kurhoxiswa kwaye zivalwe, izikhululo zombane ezincinci ezingama-4,705 kufuneka zilungiswe kwaye zirhoxiswe, izikhululo zombane ezincinci ezingama-41 zivaliwe kwisiXeko saseQuanzhou, kwiPhondo laseFujian, kwaye izikhululo zombane ezincinci ezili-19 zivaliwe. kwiNqila yaseFangxian, kwisiXeko saseShiyan, kwiPhondo laseHubei.Izikhululo zombane we-Hydropower kunye ne-Xi'an, i-Shaanxi ivale izikhululo ze-36 ezincinci zamanzi, njl njl. Ngokwezibalo ezingaphelelanga, ngaphezu kwe-7,000 izikhululo zombane ezincinci ziza kuvalwa ekupheleni kwe-2022. Ukwakhiwa kwezikhululo ezinkulu zamanzi zifuna ukuhlaliswa kwakhona, ukwakhiwa ixesha ngokubanzi elide, kwaye kunzima ukwakha ngexesha elifutshane.
4. I-aluminiyam esetyenzisiweyo iya kuba yindlela yophuhliso lwexesha elizayo
Imveliso ye-aluminiyam ye-Electrolytic iquka izigaba ezi-5: i-bauxite yemigodi, imveliso ye-alumina, ukulungiswa kwe-anode, imveliso ye-aluminium ye-electrolytic kunye ne-aluminium ingot casting.Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kwinqanaba ngalinye: 1%, 21%, 2%, 74%.kunye ne-2%.Ukuveliswa kwe-aluminium yesibini kubandakanya izigaba ezi-3: ukulungiswa kwangaphambili, ukunyibilika kunye nokuthutha.Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kwinqanaba ngalinye yi-56%, i-24% kunye ne-20%.
Ngokutsho koqikelelo, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okuvelisa i-1 ton ye-aluminiyam ehlaziyiweyo yi-3% ukuya kwi-5% yokusetyenziswa kwamandla e-electrolytic aluminium.Isenokunciphisa nonyango lwenkunkuma eqinileyo, ulwelo oluyinkunkuma kunye nentsalela yenkunkuma, kunye nokuveliswa kwealuminiyam ephinda isetyenziswe kunezibonelelo ezicacileyo zogcino lwamandla kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwenkunkuma.Ukongeza, ngenxa yokunganyangeki okuqinileyo kwe-aluminiyam, ngaphandle kwezinye izikhongozeli zekhemikhali kunye nezixhobo ezenziwe nge-aluminiyam, i-aluminiyam ayifane idliwe ngexesha lokusetyenziswa, kwaye ilahleko encinci kakhulu, kwaye inokuphinda isetyenziswe amaxesha amaninzi.Ngoko ke, i-aluminiyam inokuphinda isetyenziswe, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwe-aluminiyam ye-scrap ukuvelisa i-alloys ye-aluminium kunenzuzo ebalulekileyo yezoqoqosho ngaphezu kwe-aluminiyam ye-electrolytic.
Kwixesha elizayo, kunye nokuphuculwa kobunyulu kunye neempawu zoomatshini ze-aluminiyamu esetyenzisiweyo i-ingots kunye nophuhliso lobugcisa bokuphosa, ukusetyenziswa kwe-aluminium esetyenzisiweyo kuya kungena ngokuthe ngcembe kumashishini okwakha, unxibelelwano, umbane kunye nokupakisha, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-aluminium esetyenzisiweyo ishishini leemoto nalo liya kuqhubeka ukwanda..
Imboni yesibini ye-aluminium ineempawu zokulondoloza izixhobo, ukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwangaphandle kwimithombo ye-aluminium, ukukhuselwa kwendalo kunye neenzuzo zoqoqosho.Uphuhliso oluphilileyo loshishino lwesibini lwe-aluminium, olunexabiso elikhulu lezoqoqosho, ezentlalo kunye nokusingqongileyo, liye lakhuthazwa kwaye lixhaswa kakhulu yimigaqo-nkqubo yelizwe, kwaye iya kuba ngowona mkhulu kumxholo wokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni.
Xa kuthelekiswa ne-aluminiyam ye-electrolytic, imveliso ye-aluminium yesibini igcina kakhulu umhlaba, izibonelelo zamanzi, ikhuthazwa yimigaqo-nkqubo yelizwe, kwaye ikwabonelela ngamathuba ophuhliso.Inkqubo yokuvelisa i-aluminium ye-electrolytic inokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphezulu.Xa kuthelekiswa nokuveliswa komlinganiselo ofanayo we-aluminiyam ye-electrolytic, ukuveliswa kwetoni ye-1 ye-aluminiyam ehlaziyiweyo ilingana nokugcina iitoni ezi-3.4 zamalahle asemgangathweni, i-14 cubic metres yamanzi, kunye neetoni ezingama-20 zokukhutshwa kwenkunkuma eqinileyo.
Ushishino lwesibini lwe-aluminium luluhlu lwezixhobo ezihlaziyiweyo kunye noqoqosho lwesetyhula, kwaye ludweliswe njengoshishino olukhuthazwayo, oluluncedo kwiiprojekthi zemveliso yamashishini ukufumana inkxaso yomgaqo-nkqubo wesizwe malunga nokuvunywa kweprojekthi, ukuxhaswa ngemali kunye nokusetyenziswa komhlaba.Ngelo xesha, urhulumente ukhuphe imigaqo-nkqubo efanelekileyo yokuphucula imeko yemarike, ukucoca amashishini angafanelekanga kwishishini lesibini le-aluminium, kunye nokususa amandla okuvelisa umva kwishishini, ukucima indlela yophuhliso olunempilo kwishishini lesibini le-aluminium.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-21-2022