Izibonelelo zeAluminiyam
Abantu abaninzi bahlala becinga ukuba isinyithi sesona sinyithi sininzi emhlabeni. Enyanisweni, i-aluminiyam yeyona nto ininzi kakhulu kwi-crust yomhlaba, ilandelwa yi-iron.Aluminiyam i-7.45% yobunzima bubonke bomhlaba, phantse kabini. kakhulu njengentsimbi!Umhlaba ugcwele iikhompawundi ze-aluminiyam, njengomhlaba oqhelekileyo, oqulethe i-aluminiyam oxide eninzi, i-Al2O3.Eyona ntsimbi ibalulekileyo yi-bauxite.Ukwenzeka kwe-bauxite ehlabathini kunokohlulwa ngokweendidi ezintathu: Cenozoic iidiphozithi zamvanje kumatye esilicic, athatha malunga ne-80% yogcino lulonke lwehlabathi; iidiphozithi zePaleozoic karstic ezenzeka ngaphezu kwamatye e-carbonate zithatha malunga ne-12% yogcino lulonke lwehlabathi; yenza malunga ne-2% yoovimba behlabathi bebonke.
Iimpawu zeAluminiyam
I-Aluminiyam lilungu elisilivere nelithambileyo leqela le-boron yekhemikhali.
I-aluminiyamu iye yaba yeyona isetyenziswa kakhulu kwisinyithi esingeyontsimbi ngenxa yokunganyangeki kwayo ngenxa yokungaqhubi, ukuxinana okuphantsi, ukuxinezeleka okuphantsi kunye notyekelo lwayo lokubumba ingxubevange ngemichiza eyahlukeneyo enje ngobhedu, i-zinc, imanganese, isilicon kunye ne-magnesium, eziye zaye kakhulu. iipropathi eziphuculweyo zoomatshini.I-Aluminium yintsimbi encinci engekhoyo kwindalo njenge-elemental state, kodwa ngendlela ye-aluminium oxide edibeneyo (Al2O3).I-Al2O3 inomlinganiselo ophezulu wokunyibilika kwaye akulula ukuncitshiswa, okwenza i-aluminium ifunyenwe emva kwexesha.Ngo-1825, usosayensi waseDenmark u-Ostete wanciphisa i-anhydrous aluminium chloride kunye ne-potassium amalgam, iimiligram ezimbalwa ze-aluminium yensimbi.
Ngowe-1954, isazinzulu saseFransi uDe Vere waphumelela ekusebenziseni indlela yokunciphisa i-sodium ukuze afumane i-aluminium yensimbi, kodwa i-aluminium yensimbi eveliswa ngendlela yeekhemikhali ibiza kakhulu kunegolide, kwaye isetyenziselwa kuphela ukuveliswa kwee-helmets, i-tableware, iithoyi kunye nezinye izinto ezixabisekileyo ezisetyenziswa nguNapoleon's. Usapho lwasebukhosini.Ngokwenziwa kwenkqubo yokunyibilikisa iHolo-Heru kunye nenkqubo yeBayer yokuvelisa i-alumina, i-aluminium yaqala ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19. Kuze kube namhlanje, ezi ndlela zimbini zisezona ziphambili (ngokwenene phantse kuphela) iindlela zokuvelisa i-aluminiyam kunye ne-alumina.
Inkqubo yoMveliso weAluminiyam
I-aluminiyam isiqulatho isityebi kakhulu kwizinto zendalo, imboni ephambili ye-bauxite ore, i-bauxite ngenkqubo ye-bayer njengeenkqubo zokucocwa kwe-alumina, i-alumina nge-electrolytic aluminium smelting njengoko (eyaziwa ngokuba yi-aluminium), ngoko ke imboni ye-aluminium kwi-chain chain industry inokohlulwa ibe yi-bauxite yemigodi, ukucocwa kwe-alumina - amakhonkco amathathu afana nokunyibilikiswa kwe-aluminiyam, ngokubanzi, iitoni ezine ze-bauxite zinokuvelisa iitoni ezimbini ze-alumina, ezinokuthi zivelise itoni enye ye-aluminiyam yokuqala.
Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-15-2021